Associated Factors for Long-Term Sick Leave or Reduced Work Capacity Due to Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Nursing Staff: An Exploratory Study

Background/Objectives: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are often the cause of long-term sick leave (LTSL) or reduced work capacity (RWC) among nurses. We therefore investigated the risk of LTSL or RWC due to MSDs among nurses, as well as possible ergonomics-related influencing factors. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in 2025 using an online questionnaire. The study population consisted of nursing staff insured with the German Institution for Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention in the Health and Welfare Services (BGW). The risk of LTSL or RWC due to MSDs was assessed using the German version of the Nurse—Work Instability Scale (Nurse-WIS). In addition, data relating to sociodemographic factors, health behaviour and workplace ergonomics were collected. The exploratory statistical analysis was descriptive, bivariate and multivariate. Results: A total of 501 nurses took part in the survey (mean age 45.5 ± 13.4 years; 86.2% female). A total of 36% of participants were identified as being at high risk of LTSL or RWC due to MSDs. The following associated factors were identified for individuals at high risk: age group 50 to 59 (OR 2.8; p = 0.001), shift work (OR 1.6; p = 0.026), insufficient availability of ergonomic aids (OR 1.8; p = 0.004) and a subjective assessment of ergonomic working practices as moderate (OR 2.3; p < 0.001) or poor (OR 2.5; p = 0.033). Conclusions: The proportion of individuals at increased risk of LTSL or RWC due to MSDs was high in the study sample. To protect nursing staff at an early stage, healthcare facilities should ensure the availability of sufficient ergonomic aids and provide regular ergonomic training for staff.