Assessment of Periodontal Health Status in Patients of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Affective Disorder in Kashmir
Nahida Mohd, Mohammad Maqbool Dar, Shabir Ahmad Dar, Shaheena ParveenAbstract
Background:
Mental illnesses impact general behavior and functioning, and such patients require special attention as they are often neglected because of stigma, fear, and associated negative attitude.
Aim:
This study aimed to assess periodontal health in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder in Kashmir.
Materials and Methods:
This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 100 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth edition criteria. Oral hygiene was assessed using a mouth mirror and No. 23 explorer, following the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI) by Green and Vermilion. Plaque index, gingival index, bleeding index, and probing depths were recorded using a William’s probe at four sites per tooth.
Results:
Among 100 patients (61 bipolar, 39 schizophrenia; mean age 34 ± 6.4 years; male-to-female ratio 2.7:1), schizophrenia patients had significantly deeper periodontal pockets (3.73 ± 0.69 mm vs. 3.39 ± 0.64 mm;
Conclusions:
Both groups had poor periodontal health. Schizophrenia was linked to deeper pockets and worse hygiene, while bipolar disorder showed higher caries rates. Illness duration, medication, and hygiene habits influenced outcomes.