Assessment of Neutrophil Gelatinase Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Analysis for Renal Insufficiency in Iraqi β-Thalassemia Major Patients in Karama/Hospital Baghdad
Estabraq Salman Alwan, Thana Mohammed Juda, Liqaa M. MajedAbstract
Background:
β-Thalassemia is most prevalent genetic hemoglobinopathy in the world. It is caused by a reduction or absence of β-globin chain production, which is typically a portion of adult hemoglobin (HbA, which is α2β2). This genetic anomaly will lead to a rapid erythrocyte turnover, severe anemia, and compensatory ineffective erythropoiesis. Numerous issues originating from the condition and its therapies are usually present with thalassemia syndrome. The life of patients with β-thalassemia major depends on blood transfusions. Their major organs develop hemosiderosis as a result of frequent blood transfusion. Blood samples were used to assess the serum’s biochemical characteristics, including serum creatinine, blood urea, and serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.
Objectives:
The purpose of the current research was to reveal diagnostic, and predictive biomarkers that can be performed to detect the decline in renal function in β-thalassemia major patients with early stage of renal impairment with high sensitivity and specificity, to optimize prognostication and monitor the effectiveness of the therapy and tolerability for the specific patient through identification of new biomarker, and to ascertain changes in neutrophil gelatinase gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a biomarker in patient with thalassemia.
Materials and Methods:
The samples were collected from Karama Hospital-Genetic Hematology Center/Baghdad during the period from September 1 until January 1, 2023. The patient group consisted of 45 patients with β-thalassemia major with repeated blood transfusion and the control group consisted of 45 individuals who seemed to be healthy. Age ranged between 18–35 years (for patients and control). Human NGAL level was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kite, whereas serum blood urea and creatinine concentration were calculated by colorimetric kit (France Biolabo) by spectrophotometer method, and ferritin level in blood was estimated by BioMrieux Mini vidas (France) instrument. The statistical examination was carried out by using the SPSS software.
Results:
The serum samples were used to measure biochemical parameters of serum creatinine, blood urea, ferritin, and NGAL. Results serum NGAL biomarker in the patient group of thalassemia were significantly higher as compared with the healthy controls (
Conclusion:
All parameters included in this study are higher significantly in patients with β-thalassemia than in healthy subjects.