Assessment of COVID-19 Deaths Associated with or without Comorbidity during First and Second Waves at R Central Ward Borivali, Mumbai: A Retrospective Study
Harshawardhan B. Sawane, Sahana Hegde ShetiyaAbstract
Background:
A severe pneumonia outbreak brought on by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-associated coronavirus first appeared in Hubei province, Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and the World Health Organization classified the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic on March 11, 2020. A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the deaths in COVID-19 patients with or without co-morbidity using the retrospective data from wave 1 and 2 (April 2020–August 31, 2021) from R Central Ward Borivali, Mumbai.
Materials and Methods:
The required permission from Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai was obtained. Retrospective data were obtained and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 to find the number and percentage of the deaths with or without comorbidity in COVID-19 in different age, sex, and status of dwelling. The Chi-square test was applied to know if a difference between observed (age, sex, status of dwelling, and comorbidity status) and expected (death) data existed.
Results:
The first wave showed cumulative of 661 COVID-19 dead patients while, 195 in the second wave. Age group 71–80 (185, 28%) years and 61–70 (56, 28%) years reported highest number of the COVID-19 deaths in the first and second waves. Males reported higher number of deaths in both first (468, 70.8%) and second waves (127, 65.1%) compared to females. Patients who were residing in the buildings showed a greater number of deaths compared to the ones who were residing in the slums in both first (559, 84.6%) and second waves (181, 92.8%). The COVID-19 patients died in the presence of comorbidity in the first wave (371, 56.1%) which was higher in number while COVID-19 dead patients without comorbidity showed (82, 42.1%) more number in the second wave. Highest number (109, 16.5%) of Covid-19 patients had diabetes and the combination (2 or more comorbidities) of the comorbidities in the first and the second waves.
Conclusion:
This study concludes that geriatric, male, and comorbid state are the risk factors and this may lead to death due to COVID-19 complications.