Assessment of anxiety and depression levels using the HAM-A and HAM-D instruments in a group of patients with substance dependence disorders compared to a control group
A. Saliu, L. Sinani, A. PilikaIntroduction
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are chronic conditions with complex biological, psychological, and social consequences. During abstinence, many individuals continue to experience significant symptoms of anxiety and depression, which may be influenced by sociodemographic, hereditary, and clinical variables. This study examines the correlation between these factors and psychological symptoms in individuals diagnosed with SUDs, compared to a matched control group. Previous studies have identified neurobiological mechanisms involved in substance effects, particularly the role of exogenous agents on CNS structures (Murphy et al. BJU Int 2005; 95: 27–30).
Objectives
To evaluate the levels of anxiety and depression among individuals with substance use disorders in abstinence (CVSA group) compared to a control group, using the Hamilton Rating Scales for Anxiety (HAM-A) and Depression (HAM-D).
Methods
A cross-sectional, retrospective, quantitative, and descriptive study was conducted at the Toxicology and Addiction Department of the University Hospital Center “Mother Teresa” from October 2021 to February 2022. The sample included 109 male participants over the age of 18: 69 (55%) in the CVSA group and 49 (45%) in the control group. Exclusion criteria included the presence of diagnosed mental disorders. Data were collected via clinical interviews and hospital records, focusing on sociodemographic information, substance use history, family history of mental illness or substance abuse, and completion of the HAM-A and HAM-D scales.
Results
Sociodemographic variables, substance use history, and hereditary factors showed a statistically significant correlation with elevated anxiety and depression levels in the CVSA group. The analysis revealed that early onset, type, and method of substance use were associated with more severe psychological symptoms during abstinence.
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