Assessing regional wind behavior and resource potential using MERRA-2 reanalysis data and experimentally measured mast data

Abstract

The main objective of this research is to assess the wind energy potential of the Manaydara region in South Sikkim, India, by collecting real-time wind resource data through a practically installed Weather Monitoring System (WMS). For comparative analysis and validation, on-site ground-based wind measurements were evaluated alongside reanalysis data obtained from the NASA MERRA-2 assimilation product, using data corresponding to the same location and measurement height. The MERRA-2 dataset was selected over the MERRA and IMDAA datasets for wind resource assessment because of its improved data quality, broader spatial coverage, greater accuracy, and enhanced compatibility with modern analytical tools. In the initial phase of analysis, 15- minute step data is collected at 10- meters height is being preprocessed, extrapolated to 50- meters level, and averaged over diurnal, monthly, seasonal, and annual time frames. To model the wind resources stochastically, a descriptive statistical analysis is being performed at micro level, followed by distributing fitting analysis using Weibull distribution function. Furthermore, directional wind rose and associated wind power densities are computed. The results indicate a substantial wind energy potential, with a wind power density of up to 450 W/m ² observed for wind directions ranging from 235° (SW) to 135° (SE). However, the actual electricity generation potential depends on the selection and characteristics of the wind turbine, particularly its rotor diameter, rated power, cut-in speed, and rated wind speed. The comparative analysis demonstrated consistent and stable results between datasets, indicating predictable wind behavior and potential in area.