Applying dance-based activities to enhance physical activity and creativity in preschoolers: Pilot study

Creative movement and dance-based activities are increasingly recognized as valuable tools for supporting motor development and creativity in early childhood. However, empirical evidence documenting their impact in preschool settings remains limited. This study examined the effects of a structured dance-movement program on physical activity levels and movement creativity in preschool children, and compared outcomes between children with and without previous dance experience. A total of 100 children aged 3-4 years participated in a single-session dance-movement intervention lasting 50 minutes, delivered in six preschool institutions in the city of Ružomberok (Slovakia). Children were categorized into two equivalent groups: those with prior dance experience (n = 50) and those without such experience (n = 50). Physical activity (PA) and creativity (CR) were assessed using systematic direct observation during 10-minute pretest and posttest movement sequences. Two independent raters evaluated each child using a 10-point scale. Data were analyzed using Descriptive statistics, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient and repeated-measures ANOVA. Inter-rater reliability was high across all measures (ICC = .60-.91). Significant improvements were observed from pretest to posttest in both PA and CR for all children (p < .01). Additionally, children with prior dance experience consistently scored higher in both domains compared with their non-experienced peers. The dance group demonstrated greater overall movement variety, rhythm responsiveness, and creative expression. A brief, structured dance-movement program effectively enhanced physical activity and creative motor expression in preschool children. Prior dance experience further amplified these outcomes. These findings support the integration of dance-based activities into early childhood education.