Applications for IoT and AI in Proactive Construction Safety: Systematic Review of Barriers and Opportunities

The construction industry remains one of the most hazardous sectors worldwide, with high injury and fatality rates persisting despite extensive regulations and training efforts. Existing safety practices are largely reactive, addressing hazards only after incidents occur. This study synthesizes 122 peer reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2025 to examine how Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things can enable proactive safety management in construction. A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and informed by the Technology Organization Environment framework, Diffusion of Innovation theory, OSHA hazard typology, and the Swiss Cheese Model. Results indicate that current AI and IoT applications primarily address physical and environmental hazards, while psychological, organizational, and systemic risks remain underexplored. Key adoption barriers include technological integration challenges, limited organizational readiness, and negative perceptions of innovation. This study proposes a holistic framework mapping barriers and opportunities across accident development stages, providing a roadmap for prevention.