Application‐Oriented All‐Organic Film Materials for Pulse Energy Storage Capacitors

ABSTRACT

Pulse power systems require energy storage capacitors with high power density, rapid charge–discharge capability, high efficiency and long‐term reliability. Polymer film capacitors are widely used owing to their high breakdown strength, low dielectric loss, self‐healing behaviour and scalable manufacturing. However, their low intrinsic dielectric constant limits energy density, making it challenging to simultaneously achieve compact size, high efficiency and reliable pulse operation. This review focuses on application‐oriented all‐organic polymer film materials for pulse energy storage capacitors. It summarises the polarisation mechanisms and energy storage principles of polymer dielectrics and compares the performance characteristics and limitations of linear dielectrics such as BOPP and nonlinear dielectrics such as PVDF‐based polymers. Key modification strategies, including molecular‐chain design, cross‐linking, blending and multilayer‐structure engineering, are discussed with emphasis on their roles in improving energy density, charge–discharge efficiency, breakdown strength and processability. The influence of ultrathin film thickness on dielectric performance is also considered. Finally, future challenges are highlighted, including high‐temperature stability, scalable fabrication of ultrathin films and lifecycle cost control.