Application of artificial intelligence in diagnosis and treatment of spinal deformities

Spinal deformity is a relatively common and serious disease. Due to the complexity of the disease and the risk of treatment, it is important to develop effective assessment, screening, treatment, and prediction tools. As a new type of productivity, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the medical field is expanding and deepening, bringing revolutionary changes to clinical work. AI has changed the whole process of spinal deformity from early evaluation and screening to surgical decision-making and assistance by improving diagnostic accuracy, work efficiency, and personalized diagnosis and treatment. Through automated standardized imaging parameter measurements, AI has significantly enhanced diagnostic efficiency and consistency. Combined with cluster analysis and multimodal data, AI has strengthened the objectivity and scientific rigor of spinal deformity classification. Moreover, AI’s potential in surgical planning and risk prediction is increasingly evident, driving the development of personalized treatment. AI-integrated robotic navigation systems not only improve surgical outcomes but also accelerate physicians’ professional growth. However, key bottlenecks in clinical AI applications remain data universality, algorithmic interpretability, and ethical regulatory constraints. Future research should focus on high-quality, multicenter, long-term clinical validation studies to provide robust evidence for AI’s effectiveness and safety. Accelerating the development of explainable AI will help demystify decision-making processes and build clinical trust. Improving regulatory frameworks and standardized supervision mechanisms is crucial for delivering tangible patient benefits. AI’s vast potential lies in ushering spinal deformity management into a new era of precision medicine and data-driven approaches, becoming an indispensable force in spinal deformity prevention and treatment.