Antiseizure Drug Adherence in Pediatric Patients With Epilepsy and the Associated Factors in Saudi Arabia

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of adherence to antiseizure medications and related factors in Saudi Arabia. Pediatric epilepsy presents significant challenges to the well-being and quality of life of children. Adherence to antiseizure medication is associated with better outcomes. Methods: This study was carried out using a cross-sectional methodology to determine the prevalence of antiseizure medication adherence among children with epilepsy aged ≤ 17 years in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected between July and September 2024 via an online self-administered questionnaire, using convenience sampling through social platforms (Telegram and WhatsApp). Medication adherence was assessed using the MMAS-8 and categorized as high (score = 8), medium (6–7), or low (<6); for analysis, scores ≥ 6 were considered adherent. Results: A total of 231 responses were analyzed. In terms of medication adherence, 42.0% of the participants were adherent (35.9% medium adherence and 6.1% high adherence), and 58% were non-adherent. Parents' and caregivers' knowledge was classified as good in 63.6% and poor in 36.4% of the participants, respectively. The result showed a statistically significant association between knowledge levels and adherence to antiseizure medication. Factors significantly associated with medication adherence included mothers as caregivers, taking medication once daily, no emergency room visits, and the use of other medications. Conclusion: Adherence to medications among pediatric patients with epilepsy remains suboptimal. The key factors associated with better adherence included mothers as primary caregivers, good caregiver knowledge, taking medication once daily, and less frequent emergency room visits. This study highlights the importance of increased awareness and education to improve healthcare delivery and enhance knowledge and attitudes toward epilepsy management.