Antimicrobial Resistance: Innovative Strategies and Translational Approaches Toward a Sustainable Therapeutic Future
Sabyasachi Banerjee, Subhasis Banerjee, Avik Das, Sankhadip Bose, Santanu Banerjee, Utsab Chakraborty, Jayasmita Banerjee, Kaushik Biswas, Sourav DeIntroduction:
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the greatest threats to global health. Increasing antimicrobial resistance among multidrug-resistant pathogens poses significant risks to health and economies due to the widespread overuse and misuse of antimicrobials in human healthcare, animal husbandry, and agriculture. This review aims to discuss the current and emerging strategies against AMR to ensure the sustainability of antimicrobial therapies.
Methods:
This review consolidates findings from recent studies on the mechanisms of AMR, its impact on healthcare systems, and new therapeutic approaches. Combination therapies, vaccination strategies, advanced drug delivery systems, and unconventional methods involving Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas systems and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven diagnostics are discussed.
Results and Discussion:
AMR has acquired novel mechanisms, such as enzyme alteration and bio-film development, that render standard antibiotics less effective. Some promising strategies include novel drug delivery platforms, synergistic drug combinations, and gene-editing technologies such as CRISPR-Cas. AI-based diagnostics provide precision treatment, while improved surveillance, stewardship programs, and international collaboration play important roles in mitigating AMR. Although limited progress has been made in developing new antibiotics, these newer approaches promise to revolutionise the management of AMR.
Conclusion:
Overall, it is clear that AMR presents several urgent and equally complex global health challenges. Addressing these challenges requires breakthrough therapies in line with a multidisciplinary One Health perspective. Public education and awareness, sustained by investment in research, are considered essential to prolong the efficacy of antibiotics and safeguard public health.