Antimicrobial Resistance in Everyday Clinical Practice: Current Challenges and Practical Considerations

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an escalating global health problem that threatens the effectiveness of modern medicine. Resistant pathogens are now widely encountered in both community and hospital settings and are associated with delayed clinical response, limited therapeutic options, and higher morbidity and mortality. Despite increasing awareness, inappropriate antimicrobial use, inadequate infection prevention measures, and global travel and trade continue to contribute to the spread of resistance. This narrative review summarizes contemporary evidence on the mechanisms of resistance, the clinical burden of resistant pathogens encountered in routine practice, key drivers contributing to the rise of AMR, and practical strategies for antimicrobial stewardship programs (AMSPs). Emphasis is placed on the challenges faced by everyday clinicians, including diagnostic uncertainty, patient expectations for antibiotics, and the need for judicious prescribing decisions.