Antihypertensive Potential of Selected Edible Sources From the Northeastern Highlands of Puebla Mexico and Their Main Phenolic Compounds
Yesenia Pacheco‐Hernández, Edmundo Lozoya‐Gloria, Guillermo M. Horta‐Valerdi, Clemente Mosso‐González, Jose Maria Cunill‐Flores, Néstor Hernández‐Silva, Maricruz Rangel‐Galván, Nemesio Villa‐RuanoABSTRACT
Herein, we report on the anti‐human angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) properties of 31 hydroethanolic extracts from the edible organs of 30 edible plants consumed in the Northeastern Highlands of Puebla (NHP), Mexico. From the studied extracts, those from Solanum nigrescens , Phaseouls coccineus , Moninna ciliolata , Cyclanthera dissecta , and Amanita jacksonii showed the best inhibitory properties on ACE (IC 50 , 104.9–211.7 µg/mL). All assayed extracts significantly increased the K m and reduced the V max of ACE, suggesting mixed type inhibition. The HPLC‐DAD‐MS/MS profile of the first four species revealed the presence of prenylated anthocyanins and common phenolics as major constituents. The isolation and evaluation of major compounds on ACE, showed that delphinidin‐3‐O‐rutinoside, peonidin‐3‐p‐hydroxy benzoylsophoroside‐5‐glucoside, chrysin‐6‐C‐fucopyranoside, kaempferol, cyanidin‐3‐O‐rutinoside‐5‐glucoside, and petunidin‐3‐(cis‐p‐coumaroyl)‐rutinoside‐5‐glucoside were involved in anti‐ACE activity (IC 50 , 86.2–173.1 µg/mL) through competitive inhibition. The oral administration of the studied extracts (100 and 200 mg/kg BW) on spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) for six weeks significantly decreased systolic blood pressure ( p < 0.05) with substantial improvement from the second to the sixth week post‐treatment. Remarkably, only the hydroethanolic extracts from P. coccineus and M. ciliolata (200 mg/kg BW) exerted slightly more antihypertensive potency ( p < 0.05) than that of captopril after 6 weeks post‐treatment.