DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_946_24 ISSN: 1812-156X

Antibacterial Activity of Biosynthetic Magnesium Nanoparticles against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Diabetic Foot Infections

Alaa Mohammed Madhloom
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Abstract

Background:

The biosynthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) has garnered significant interest owing to their economic viability, low toxicity, and procedural simplicity.

Objectives:

The main objective of this study is to biomanufacture MgONPs using bacteria and to use these particles as a safe therapeutic agent against multidrug-resistant bacterial species isolated from diabetic feet.

Materials and Methods:

Extracellular manufacturing was performed in this study. Color change and turbidity were used to identify bacteria capable of producing NPs. A sample was then sent to the University of Tehran, Iran, for analysis of the size and composition of the organic and inorganic substances that reduce magnesium ions. The antibacterial activity of the NPs was tested against two bacterial species isolated from the feet of diabetic patients, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The synergy between the NPs and gentamicin was also tested against these bacteria, which are known to be gentamicin-resistant.

Results:

Based on changes in color and turbidity, Streptococcus thermophilus , among the five bacterial strains tested, was identified as forming MgONPs. The manufactured NPs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, which showed the spherical shape of the magnesium oxide nanoparticles with an average diameter of 63.32 nm. At the same time, the infrared spectrum (Fourier transform infrared [FTIR]) identified active functional aggregates that could bio-reduce Mg +2 ions and maintain their stability. The MgONPs showed antibacterial activity against both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa at all four concentrations tested (125, 250, 500, and 1000) µg/mL. In addition, there was a clear synergistic connection between these particles and gentamicin, with inhibition diameters of 24 and 25 mm for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa , respectively, after both types of bacteria were completely resistant.

Conclusion:

NPs bypass drug resistance mechanisms in bacteria by disrupting important molecular mechanisms or other processes related to their virulence. In combination with appropriate antibiotics, NPs may exhibit synergism and help prevent the development of a global bacterial resistance crisis.

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