ANESTHESIA OF THE GREATER PALATINE NERVE IN THE AREA OF THE PALATINE FORAMEN: CLASSICAL AND MODERN METHODS, ANATOMICAL RATIONALE (LITERATURE REVIEW)

This article presents a literature review of methods for anesthetizing the greater palatine nerve in the area of the greater palatine foramen in dental practice. Particular attention is paid to the anatomical basis of the technique, taking into account the variability of the structure of the greater palatine canal, its morphometric characteristics, and gender differences revealed using cone-beam computed tomography. The aim of the study was to conduct a detailed analysis of classical and modern methods of performing anesthesia in the area of the greater palatine nerve based on diagnostic digital planning of local conduction anesthesia in the maxilla. Materials and methods. A systematic search and analysis of scientific papers was conducted in the scientometric databases Scopus, PubMed, and eLIBRARY. They were devoted to the anatomical, topographic, and morphometric characteristics of the greater palatine canal, as well as modern approaches in dentistry aimed at optimizing manual techniques for anesthetizing the greater palatine nerve using digital and additive technologies. Results and discussion. A comparative analysis of classical and modern methods of conduction anesthesia was conducted, identifying their advantages and disadvantages. The clinical efficacy of various approaches is demonstrated, and potential complications are described. It is shown that preoperative CBCT planning allows for personalized anesthesia tactics, predicting technical difficulties, and minimizing the risk of complications. Conclusion. A priority area for further research is the development of algorithms for selecting an anesthesia method that take into account the anatomical features of the patient, the nature of the surgical intervention, and individual clinical preferences. These can be optimized through the use of additive technologies, which make it possible to manufacture an individual navigation template for performing a greater palatine nerve block.