Analyzing Fiber Supports by Portuguese Artists (1920–1986) with Micro-Infrared Spectroscopy to Promote the EU’s Sustainable Development Goals

Cellulose has been integral to a range of essential applications throughout history and remains relevant today. This research highlights an important topic: the study of cellulose-based and wood-derived supports in works by Portuguese artists from the twentieth century. Such an investigation is valuable for conservation and heritage science, as materials such as cardboard, plywood, hardboard, and particleboard are common in modern and contemporary artworks but are often not thoroughly characterized or discussed. Micro-infrared spectroscopy, when combined with reference materials, offers a promising means of identifying and analyzing these supports. The study focuses on works by Portuguese artists from 1915 to 1986. Applying principal component analysis to infrared data in the 1000–1200 cm−1 range enabled us to distinguish among the artists. For Pomar, Rodrigo, Vespeira, Calvet, and Hatherly, using hardboard in this range appears most suitable. For Salazar, Teles, and Pinheiro, particleboard is the optimal choice. Beech and eucalyptus plywood are preferable for Pires Vieira and Carlos Botelho. The effort to connect material knowledge with sustainable conservation practices is commendable. The research also aims to relate cellulose-based supports adhering to the European Union’s Sustainable Development Goals, fostering more sustainable and meaningful approaches to cultural preservation.