Analytical approaches to structural seismic vulnerability: mechanics-based modelling and theoretical frameworks

This chapter provides a comprehensive review of analytical approaches to structural seismic vulnerability, emphasizing mechanics-based modelling and theoretical frameworks. It examines the development and application of key methods including nonlinear static procedures (pushover analysis) and their variations, nonlinear time history analysis, as well as seismic vulnerability indices such as those proposed by the National Group of Defense (GNDT) and the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS). Additionally, the chapter discusses the evolution of analytical frameworks exemplified by the approach of Kassem et al. and the integration of hybrid methods that combine empirical and analytical techniques for enhanced vulnerability assessment. Through detailed exploration of these methods, the chapter highlights their strengths in capturing complex structural behaviour under seismic loading and their critical role in performance-based design and seismic risk mitigation. The review underscores the importance of blending theoretical rigor with practical applicability to advance the accuracy and reliability of seismic vulnerability evaluations.