Analysis of Wave Climate and Wave Hazard in Fujian Sea Areas Based on TOMAWAC Hindcast Data (1980–2023)

Fujian sea areas suffer frequent disastrous wave events in southeast China. Research on wave characteristics are crucial for marine engineering and coastal disaster risk reduction. Based on TOMAWAC hindcast wave data, this study analyzes the spatiotemporal variations in wave parameters in the Fujian sea areas during 1980–2023. Six typical feature points are selected for comparative analysis to clarify wave climate features across different water depths. Results indicate that the maximum significant wave height (SWH) in the Fujian sea area declines from offshore to inshore and from north to south, with a peak of 15 m off Ningde. Seasonally, maximum SWH is induced by tropical cyclones in summer and autumn, generally exceeding 10 m. Under the influence of the East Asian monsoon, the mean SWH reaches its annual maximum of 2.5 m during the winter season. Severe waves show a stepped increasing from inshore to offshore seas, with the longest duration in autumn. The Taiwan Strait is characterized by a widespread high SWH region, where severe wave events persist for more than 15 h. Fujian sea wave variations are governed by water depth-topography effects and seasonal wind-swell regimes.