Analysis of unsteady second-grade fluid flow over a moving vertical cylinder under thermal and mass stratification effects

This study focuses on the unsteady flow, heat, and mass transfer behavior of a non-Newtonian second-grade fluid over an infinite vertical cylinder subjected to thermal and mass stratifications. The primary objective is to discuss, how the stratifications parameters, along with fluid elasticity and buoyancy effects, impact flow dynamics, temperature, and concentration distributions. To get the deep understanding of flow dynamics, the governing equations are reduced to the non-dimensional form with suitable non dimensional relations and the exact analytical solutions are derived using the Laplace transform method. The physical behavior of velocity, temperature, and concentration fields are discussed graphically by plotting some graphs using MATHCAD software. The Skin friction, Nusselt, and Sherwood numbers are also evaluated numerically against time for variations of second grade parameter and results are presented in the tabular form. Results reveal that both stratifications play an effect role to control the fluid velocity. Moreover stratifications have significant effect on the temperature and concentration distributions. A decreasing effect of grade fluid parameter over fluid velocity is also observed. Quantitatively, it was observed that the velocity decreases by approximately 35% as the thermal stratification parameter increases from 0.2 to 0.8. Similarly, a 25% reduction in concentration occurs.