Analysis of fire hazard and animal evacuation problems in modern livestock farms with robotic milking parlors

The article examines the escalation of fire risks at dairy farming facilities caused by the industry's transition to intensive technologies and highly automated equipment. Against the background of the strategic importance of animal husbandry for ensuring the country's food security, this issue is becoming particularly relevant. Based on the analysis of statistical data, the current regulatory framework and the evolution of construction and technological solutions - from wooden barns of the Soviet era to modern prefabricated complexes made of light steel structures — it is shown that traditional approaches to fire safety, focused mainly on structural fire resistance and general organizational measures, do not correspond to the new level of technological risks. The main focus is on the little-studied class of hazards associated with technological "traps" in the robotic milking parlors "Carousel". For the first time, a triad of interrelated risk factors has been identified and systematized: technological blocking of escape routes by the algorithm of equipment operation, the formation of zones with maximum livestock density and stable behavioral stereotypes of animals due to conditioned reflexes. It is proved that the combination of these factors creates prerequisites for a negative scenario — the mass death of animals directly during the milking session. In conclusion, the need to develop new, interdisciplinary methodological approaches to modeling such emergencies is formulated, combining computer modeling of fire dynamics, agent-based evacuation modeling and ethological observations, and the need to make changes to the regulatory framework that take into account the specifics of high-tech livestock facilities.