Analysis of Bödewadt Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Over a Permeable Disk Under Solar Irradiation

ABSTRACT

Due to the global energy crisis, alternative energy resources are gaining significant attention. Motivated by this, the present study investigates the effects of solar irradiation on Bödewadt hybrid nanofluid flow over a permeable stationary stretched disk. The effects of radial stretching and suction/injection are also incorporated. The governing three‐dimensional nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and solved numerically through the MATLAB bvp4c technique. The influence of important physical parameters is examined graphically. Validation with previously published studies confirms the accuracy of the present results. Major findings include hybrid nanofluid temperature rises when the solar irradiance parameter is increased, as more solar light is absorbed volumetrically, which increases internal heat generation. These findings are more significant and might be used in engineering and industry.