Analysing the Effect of Shape Factor on Entropy Analysis and Heat Transfer in MHD Williamson Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Under the Influence of Dissipation and Joule Heating

ABSTRACT

This work examines the steady, two‐dimensional, incompressible MHD Williamson hybrid nanofluid flow over a permeable stretching sheet, emphasizing entropy analysis, the influence of nanoparticle shapes, and the implications of slippery boundary conditions on heat transfer enhancement. The impacts of suction/injection between the sheet and fluid are examined alongside thermal parameters such as Joule heating, viscous dissipation, heat sinks/sources, and thermal radiation to comprehensively comprehend the flow dynamics. A novel homotopy approach is employed to examine the surface drag force, local Nusselt number, and entropy generation number on the velocity and temperature profiles. The accuracy and reliability of the method are validated with the available results and with the Runge–Kutta method of order 4. The research assesses the influence of key physical parameters on surface drag force, local Nusselt number, and entropy generation, providing practical insights for optimizing heat transmission in hybrid nanofluids. Additionally, it evaluates and measures the impact of dispersed nanoparticles' ( and ) shape factors on the heat transmission rate.