An MBSE-Oriented Framework for the Development and Simulation of Bidirectional EV Charging Systems

Developing bidirectional EV charging systems requires a structured engineering methodology that preserves traceability from system requirements to executable simulation models. This paper proposes a Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE)-oriented framework for the development and validation of grid-connected energy systems integrating vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and grid-to-vehicle (G2V) capabilities. The proposed approach is structured into a problem space and a solution space. The problem space defines system requirements and functional behavior using SysML requirement and use case diagrams developed in Eclipse Papyrus. The solution space transforms these functions into logical activity diagrams, physical architectures in MATLAB R2024b System Composer, and executable simulation models in MATLAB R2024b/Simulink. The framework is validated through a bidirectional EV charging case study connected to a low-voltage electrical grid. The simulation results confirm stable G2V and V2G operation and demonstrate the traceability between requirements, architecture, and executable simulation models. The proposed workflow supports consistency, interoperability, and early validation for EV-integrated energy systems.