An Integrated Spatial Decision-Support Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction: Combining AHP, VIKOR, and Institutional Responsibility Mapping

Urban resilience is a critical component of disaster risk governance, particularly in regions exposed to multiple natural, technological, and environmental hazards. This study proposes an integrated spatial decision-support framework that combines disaster risk, resilience capacity, and institutional responsibilities to identify intervention priorities. Using Zonguldak Province, Türkiye, as a case study, seven risk and six resilience indicators were evaluated across eight districts. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine criterion weights, while VIKOR was applied to rank districts according to their relative intervention priorities. Institutional responsibility mapping was additionally used to relate major risk types to responsible institutions and priority districts. The results identified landslide, flood, and earthquake as the most influential risk criteria, while emergency response capacity and healthcare accessibility were the leading resilience criteria. VIKOR ranked Gökçebey and Devrek as the two highest-priority districts, reflecting the combined effect of substantial hazard exposure and limited resilience capacity. Sensitivity analyses showed that these leading priorities remained stable under alternative VIKOR parameter values and reasonable changes in criterion weights. Overall, the findings demonstrate that intervention priorities cannot be explained by hazard levels alone but should be evaluated together with local resilience capacities and institutional responsibilities. The proposed framework provides a modular and transferable approach for supporting spatially differentiated disaster risk reduction and resource allocation in multi-hazard contexts.