An FPIT-Based Dynamic Hazard-Aware Route-Risk Assessment Model for Fireground Decision Support in Building Fires

Indoor positioning identifies location but does not directly indicate whether a route remains passable, how hazard exposure changes, or which alternative should be considered under deteriorating fire conditions. As a result, a geometrically shorter route may still be selected despite greater hazard exposure, blockage, or positioning uncertainty. This study proposes a dynamic hazard-aware route-risk assessment model based on Fire Positioning Infrastructure Theory (FPIT) for fireground decision support in building fires. The model converts BIM/IFC spatial semantics into a computable graph, maps normalized hazard scenario data onto graph edges, excludes edges exceeding scenario-specific hazard or blockage criteria, and evaluates the remaining feasible routes using an integrated route-risk score, hazard exposure, travel time, and positioning uncertainty. A normalized illustrative computational demonstration showed that the conventional shortest route had the lowest travel time but higher route-risk score, hazard exposure, and positioning uncertainty. The FPIT-based lower-route-risk-score alternative had lower values for these indicators but required longer travel time, while the intermediate detour provided a compromise. Pareto comparison retained the three feasible routes as non-dominated alternatives with different score–time–uncertainty characteristics. The computational demonstration illustrates the model’s internal calculability, traceability, comparability, and ability to represent route trade-offs; it does not constitute empirical validation or evidence of operational effectiveness in actual fireground environments.