An Exploratory Longitudinal Analysis of Salivary Host, Bacterial and Fungal Extracellular Vesicles Following 6‐Month Non‐Surgical Periodontal Therapy in Periodontitis
Chun Liu, Jenny Wang, Andrew Lai, Carlos Salomon, Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne, Sašo Ivanovski, Pingping HanABSTRACT
Aim
To evaluate the longitudinal changes in salivary host and non‐host extracellular vesicles (EVs) following non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT).
Materials and Methods
Unstimulated saliva and plaque (from a deep pocket) were collected from 25 Stage III/IV periodontitis patients at baseline and at 3 and 6 months post NSPT. Host salivary EVs and non‐host EVs were isolated using immunoaffinity, and size‐exclusion chromatography, respectively. Host EV cytokines were assessed by multiplex flow cytometry, and non‐host EVs, saliva and plaque were profiled by 16S rRNA and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing.
Results
Periodontal parameters significantly decreased at 3 and 6 months post NSPT (vs. baseline), accompanied by increased host‐EVs associated cytokines interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), IL‐12 and IL‐9 (not whole saliva). At both timepoints, bacterial EVs also declined, including the genera
Filifactor
,
Parvimonas
and
Lentimicrobium
and the species
Conclusions
NSPT led to changes in salivary host and non‐host EV cargoes, suggesting that they may serve as a non‐invasive tool for disease treatment monitoring in periodontitis.