An Exploratory Expert-Informed Framework for Integrating Digital Product Passports, Building Logbooks, Electronic Performance Monitoring, and Digital Twins in Industrialised Timber Construction

Industrialised timber construction increasingly relies on digital technologies such as Digital Product Passports (DPP), Digital Building Logbooks (DBL), Electronic Performance Monitoring (EPM), and Digital Twins (DTw) to improve traceability, information continuity, and circularity, yet integrating them as a socio-technical system remains constrained by interoperability, governance, and stakeholder-alignment challenges. This study develops an exploratory, expert-informed framework for a digital platform supporting traceability and intelligent management of industrialised timber construction. A mixed-methods design combined a desk-based narrative review of academic and technical sources on DPP, DBL, EPM, and DTw in industrialised timber construction, Abductive Grounded Theory, and two Delphi studies with expert panels. The literature review was exploratory rather than systematic and served to map representative work and inform the framework, not to quantify all existing research on the topic. Results define a layered, federated system of systems, identity and material traceability, building memory, performance monitoring, digital twin, and interoperability layers, together with role definitions, an event-ownership model, and API-level integration logic linking DPP, DBL, EPM, and DTw. Both panels converged on a decentralised interoperability architecture rather than a centralised repository, distinguishing raw observations from validated and derived information. The framework offers an exploratory, expert-informed basis for traceable, circular, lifecycle-oriented digital management of industrialised timber buildings.