An Exploration of the Communication Experiences Between Nonverbal Patients and Healthcare Professionals in Saudi Intensive Care: Patients
Hissah A. Alodan, Anna-Liisa Sutt, Rebekah Hill, Jane L. CrossBackground
Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are often mechanically ventilated, rendering them nonverbal and limiting their ability to interact with healthcare professionals (HCPs). Therefore, negative emotions such as irritation, anxiety, and dissatisfaction may arise. In the healthcare system of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), language and cultural differences exist between patients and HCPs, raising further communication challenges for nonverbal patients in ICU. Despite this, however, no previous studies have explored the communication experiences of nonverbal patients in Saudi ICUs.
Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the lived communication experiences of previously nonverbal patients in Saudi ICUs.
Methods
This study employed interpretive phenomenology based on Gadamer’s philosophy. Using purposive sampling, five previously nonverbal ICU patients from two hospitals in KSA were interviewed. Data were interpreted following a hermeneutic circle and thematic analysis.
Results
Patients’ experiences revealed two themes: individual experience versus ICU care and elements of effective communication. Sedation affected physical and cognitive abilities of patients and pain was the most important topic to communicate. Nonverbal communication commonly occurred through unaided strategies, with a desire to use mobile devices and communication boards. While some patients had satisfactory communication experiences, others reported feeling negative attitude from HCPs. Patients emphasised that the language barrier affected their communication with non-Saudi HCPs. Ineffective communication caused negative emotions, including frustration and anger, leading patients to stop attempting further interactions. However, supportive communication seemingly improved patients’ mental health and led to a speedier recovery.
Conclusions
The communication experience of nonverbal patients in ICU varies and is influenced by their health status and interaction with HCPs. Communication strategies, HCPs attitude and behaviour, and overcoming the language barrier between patients and non-Saudi HCPs could positively influence the communication process.