An Analytical Transient Model for Three-Phase Transformer Reclosing Considering Hysteresis Residual Magnetism and Recovery Control of Cascading Failures in Cyber-Physical Power Systems

In cyber-physical power systems (CPPS), the inrush current generated during transformer reclosing can easily cause misjudgment of protection devices and thus serves as an important trigger for cascading failure propagation. Existing studies mostly rely on black-box electromagnetic transient simulations or simplified magnetization models, lacking analytical approaches that account for hysteresis and residual magnetism, and therefore fail to accurately characterize the coupling mechanism between physical transients and information-layer dynamics. To address this issue, an analytical transient model for three-phase transformer reclosing is established based on the Jiles–Atherton theory, in which the hysteresis loop and residual magnetism are embedded into the electromagnetic transient process as a differential–algebraic equation (DAE) set, and the semi-analytical dependence of the inrush peak, harmonic characteristics, and decay law on the residual flux and closing angle is derived. On this basis, an inrush-feature-driven probability model of protection misjudgment is constructed, a CPPS cascading failure propagation model incorporating physical–information state transitions is developed, and an adaptive reclosing recovery control strategy based on the node fault-state reachability is proposed. Simulations on the IEEE 39-bus system show that the proposed model accurately reproduces the quantitative influence of hysteresis residual magnetism on inrush characteristics (the peak error is within 10% compared with measured/detailed simulation results), and the proposed control strategy reduces the misjudgment rate per reclosing operation from 6.78% to 1.18% (a reduction of approximately 83%) and the post-recovery load loss from 0.182% to 0.001%, compared with the conventional reclosing scheme, significantly improving the resilience and recovery efficiency of the CPPS.