Evangeline Christable M, Hephzibah Kirubamani

AN ANALYSIS ON ANOMALIES

  • General Medicine
  • General Earth and Planetary Sciences
  • General Environmental Science
  • General Medicine
  • Ocean Engineering
  • General Medicine
  • General Medicine
  • General Medicine
  • General Medicine
  • General Earth and Planetary Sciences
  • General Environmental Science
  • General Medicine
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All pregnancies carry a signicant risk of fetal anomalies, the percentage of this risk increases with increasing age, parity, consanguinity, presence of maternal medical disorders such as diabetes, family history, etc. According to the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, the ideal period for screening for structural defects is the second trimester of pregnancy. More than 80% of fetal anomalies develop before 12 weeks of gestation. Therefore, good visualization of the fetus at this stage enables early detection of structural anomalies. Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective analytical study done in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at saveetha medical college from Jan 2019 – Jan 2023 (5 years). Analysis: The total rate of lethal fetal malformations detected in the antenatal period in our hospital for duration of 5 years was 1% (69/6587). Of the 69 cases, 21 (30.4%) patients were diagnosed by rst trimester ultrasound (NT scan) between 11-14 weeks and 48 (69.6%) patients were diagnosed by second trimester ultrasound (Anomaly scan) between 18-22 weeks. The rate of detection in second trimester was found to signicantly higher. CNS anomalies were mostly detected earlier. Of the 32 cases with CNS malformations, 18 cases (56%) were detected by 11-14 weeks. This result was found to be statistically signicant. In this study, 23% of the study participants had positive consanguinity while 77% had negative consanguinity. 20% of the study participants had previous history or familial history of congenital fetal malformations. 11% of the study participants had history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension complicating pregnancy. Our study showed that there was high statistical signicance between consanguinity and development of congenital anomalies. The presence of familial predisposition and prior history of fetal malformations was also found to be statistically signicant. Conclusion: In conclusion, on detailed analysis of lethal congenital anomalies, the most common anomaly was in central nervous system, detected signicantly higher in rst trimester. The development of these anomalies were found to be associated with consanguinity and prior/ familial history. Hence routine screening of all antenatal women for congenital malformations should begin as early as rst trimester to minimize social and psychological impact on the mother.

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