An acute crossover trial of passive movement training with and without blood flow restriction to determine the impact on postprandial glycaemia

Abstract

During glucose uptake into muscle, GLUT‐4 can translocate with stimulus from insulin or muscle contraction via exercise, but some exercise‐intolerant populations are unable to benefit from improved glycaemic control. We investigated how passive movement training (PMT) and passive movement training with blood flow restriction (PMT+BFR) could be used as an alternative method. The effects on blood lactate and insulin were also investigated. Eleven healthy males (26.9 ± 8.3 years, 25.7 ± 2.1 kg/m ² ) undertook a crossover trial of three 150‐min treatments, control (CTRL), PMT and PMT+BFR, on three separate study visits, separated by ≥24 h. Each participant arrived fasted and consumed a standardised high‐carbohydrate meal (522 kcal, 112.5 g carbohydrate). The PMT protocol involved 30 min of intermittent bilateral knee extension/flexion (1 min:1 min work/rest) at an angular velocity of 180°/s through an 80° range of motion. PMT+BFR used a pressure calibrated at 80% arterial occlusion. Blood glucose and lactate were measured every 5 min, with insulin at 0, 30 and 60 min. Acute changes in muscle thickness were recorded using ultrasound pre‐ and post‐intervention. There were no significant differences between the treatment groups for mean glucose (CTRL: 4.59 ± 0.48, PMT: 4.88 ± 0.82, PMT+BFR: 4.51 ± 0.90 mmol/L; P  = 0.498). A statistically significant acute difference of muscle thickness ( P  = 0.00420) from pre‐ to post‐treatment was detected in PMT+BFR. While PMT did not improve postprandial glycaemia with or without BFR, the acute increase in muscle thickness after PMT+BFR suggests that it may be useful in other applications.