DOI: 10.29133/yyutbd.1900920 ISSN: 1308-7576

Ampelographic Characterization and Multivariate Analysis of Grapevine Genotypes from Eastern Anatolia, Türkiye

Tevhit Geçim, Nalan Nazan Kalkan, Abdurrahim Bozkurt, Hüseyin Vurgun, Birol Karadoğan, Emine Orhan, İsmail Esmek, Özkan Kaya
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This study aimed to determine the ampelographic descriptors of 32 grapevine genotypes cultivated in the Eastern Anatolia Region and conserved in the Eastern Anatolia grapevine genetic resource plot, including the reference cultivar Karaerik, and to elucidate their phenotypic relationships using multivariate statistical analyses. Over two consecutive years (2024–2025), 53 International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV) descriptors (23 quantitative, 30 qualitative) were applied to evaluate vegetative, cluster, and berry traits. Measurements were conducted with 10 replicates for vegetative and cluster traits and 30 replicates for berry and seed traits. Significant morphological and agronomic differences were observed among genotypes. Hermaphrodite flowers accounted for 63.64% of the genotypes, while 36.36% were morphologically hermaphrodite–physiologically female. Cluster length ranged from 7.90 to 21.47 cm, cluster weight from 58.12 to 642.53 g, and berry weight from 1.86 to 5.85 g. Soluble solids varied between 14.45 and 26.30 °Brix, total acidity between 0.54 and 0.96 g L⁻¹, and pH from 2.69 to 3.78. Principal Component Analysis explained 34.7% of total variation in the first two components (PC1: 19.2%; PC2: 15.5%), mainly associated with leaf–cluster traits and berry size parameters, respectively. Two-way hierarchical clustering (Ward, Euclidean distance) grouped genotypes into four clusters, with genetic distances ranging from 3.29 to 16.43. The concordance between analyses confirmed statistically consistent and biologically meaningful differentiation, highlighting the high phenotypic diversity and breeding potential of Eastern Anatolia grapevine resources.

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