Ameliorative Effects of Brown Algae (Sargassum sanyaense) on Phenylhydrazine-induced Hemolytic Anemia in Rats
Saja Mohammad Al-mosaidyyen, Ahmed Abdel Aziz Baiomy, Heba Bassiony, Ayman Saber MohamedIntroduction:
Hemolytic anemia (HA) is a significant medical disorder characterized by a reduced lifespan of erythrocytes. Brown algae are abundant in bioactive compounds of significant nutritional value and are regarded as functional foods with health benefits. The current study aims to assess the hematopoietic effect of brown algae (Sargassum sanyaense) (Ss) on phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced hemolytic anemia in rats.
Methods:
PHZ is a chemical substance that induces hemolytic anemia at a dose of 40 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection over two days. Male Wistar rats were categorized into four groups (n = 6): control, HA, HA+Ss (75 mg/kg), and HA+Ss (150 mg/kg). The treatments were administered orally for six consecutive days after HA induction.
results:
Ss extract was conducted to identify the majority of classes of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, and glycosides. Brown algae-Ss significantly elevated red blood cell count, hemoglobin, white blood cell count, total protein, albumin, iron, glutathione, and catalase, while significantly decreasing white blood cell count, platelet count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, reticulocyte count, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, total bilirubin, creatinine, urea, uric acid malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels, in comparison to the anemic group. Histological analysis of liver, kidney, and spleen tissue specimens demonstrated substantial enhancement using hematoxylin and eosin stain.
Results:
An Ss extract was prepared to identify the major classes of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, and glycosides. Ss treatment significantly increased RBC count, hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, iron, glutathione, and catalase, while reducing WBC count, platelet count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, reticulocyte count, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, total bilirubin, creatinine, urea, uric acid, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels in comparison to the anemic group. Histological analysis of liver, kidney, and spleen tissue specimens demonstrated marked improvement using hematoxylin and eosin stain.
Discussion:
The present investigation demonstrated the capacity of Ss extract to normalize hemoglobin levels, blood cell counts, liver functions, iron content, kidney functions, and antioxidant levels, while also safeguarding DNA from damage and restoring the natural architecture of the liver, kidneys, and spleen.
Conclusion:
Ss extract ameliorates PHZ -induced hemolytic toxicity by mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular apoptosis. This effect is likely attributed to its rich content of bioactive compounds, including phenolics and flavonoids, which preserve hematological and biochemical integrity.