Alternative management systems effects on yield and resource productivity in long‐term soybean–corn

Abstract

A long‐term experiment conducted in Iowa from 2011 to 2024 evaluated the impact of three management practices on corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields, as well as resource productivity in a soybean–corn crop rotation. The practices studied were conventional practices (business‐as‐usual), no‐till no cover crop, and no‐till rye cover crop. The results indicated that tillage increased corn yields compared to no tillage, while soybean yields were not significantly affected by tillage. The variability in crop yields was primarily influenced by rainfall, with critical periods in July for corn and August for soybean. Additionally, high temperatures during the years 2012 and 2013 also impacted crop yields. Although cover crops can help increase overall solar radiation interception and rainwater capture, they reduced corn yields without affecting soybean yields. Thus, both no‐tillage and cover crops can significantly reduce corn yields. However, in the soybean phase, cover crops can increase light capture. This study underscores the complexity of sustainable crop rotation intensification, which varies based on regional conditions, management strategies, and the types of cash crops used.