Alternation of reformative and restorative processes in the dialectical development of the history of pedagogy

The article analyzes various concepts of the cyclical nature of the historical process on the examples of civilizational development, proposed by Russian and foreign historians, philosophers and sociologists. The author emphasizes the dialectical path of the development of history, sees the mechanism of the development of the history of pedagogy in the succession of reform and restoration processes. At the same time, the author suggests using the principle of symmetry in the analysis of historical and pedagogical facts. The author believes that the development of world history is determined not so much by "cyclicality" as by the historical sequence of the dominance of different forms of social consciousness at different historical stages.