All-soft organic electrochemical diodes based on asymmetric active layers for signal isolation in deformable electronics

All-soft electronics have emerged as a promising platform for deformable and human-centric systems, yet the development of mechanically compliant diodes remains a major challenge due to limitations in material compatibility, device architecture, and stable operation under deformation. Electrochemical approaches offer a viable route to address this challenge by enabling bulk, low-voltage charge modulation in soft materials without relying on rigid junction interfaces. Here, we report, to the best of our knowledge, the first all-soft organic electrochemical diode (OECD) based on an asymmetric active-layer geometry. The device incorporates a transfer-printed ultrathin ion-gel interface that preserves conformal coverage and the active electrochemical architecture under strain. The device achieves high rectification through polarity-dependent electrochemical potential redistribution, with a rectification ratio of up to 2.23 × 10 ⁴ at ±1 V and stable operation under tensile strains of up to 30% and repeated mechanical deformation. This ion-gel-based architecture preserves the electrochemical asymmetry required for diode operation while maintaining structural integrity under strain. Beyond the individual device, the all-soft OECD enables deformable rectifiers and logic gates and functions as a key signal-isolation element that suppresses cross-talk in a deformable pressure-sensing array. These results establish an electrochemical diode platform that combines mechanical deformability, high rectification performance, and circuit-level compatibility, providing a pathway toward fully deformable and integrated human-centric electronic systems.