AL SHURA IN LIGHT OF THE CONCEPT OF REALITY, A HISTORICAL, JURISPRUDENCE AND LEGAL STUDY

This research undertakes an in-depth study of the concept of Shura (Consultation) in Islam from historical, jurisprudential and legal perspectives. It begins by reviewing the concept itself, starting with a realistic understanding of it. This involves defining Shura in its current form, presenting the views of Islamic jurists on the matter, highlighting the methodological flaws in the current understanding, and offering a corrective approach to the pre-Islamic tribal view of Shura. The research also distinguishes between Shura and the concept of Mashurah. Furthermore, it presents the political concept of Shura based on the era of Caliphs Alrashidin, the Umayyad and Abbasid periods, and the Ottoman era. The research concludes that Shura was not fully implemented throughout the various phases of the Islamic state, and that Islam witnessed the beginnings of democracy during these periods, particularly in the ottoman era.