AI-enhanced stem education: Emerging trends, innovations, and challenges

This systematic review explores the application of artificial intelligence in STEM education through the analysis of 29 peer-reviewed articles, following the PRISMA methodology. The main research questions include (i) problems that arise when integrating artificial intelligence into STEM education systems, (ii) changes in AI-assisted STEM teaching compared to traditional methods, and (iii) the impact of teachers’ ICT competencies and professional development on the application of AI in STEM education. The results indicate the pedagogical, ethical, and technical challenges that artificial intelligence brings as systemic solutions to complex mutual challenges. Among the most prominent pedagogical problems is students’ overdependence on AI as a problem-solving resource. Ethical concerns include the protection of privacy and data, as well as the inherent biases of algorithms. Improving learning and increasing student engagement with AI tools depends on their prior knowledge. The last section of the paper underlines the need for institutional dedication to ongoing professional growth in order to support the dynamic integration of artificial intelligence in education.