Aerogel‐Like Bioinspired Multiscale Hierarchies Enable Self‐Powered Sensing and Physiological Comfort for Biodegradable Nanofiber Meta‐Membranes

ABSTRACT

Nanofiber membrane‐based flexible sensing devices are appealing for advanced multi‐protective equipment. Here, inspired by the fluid‐regulating grooved topology of whale baleen, we unravel an electro‐induced multiphase separation spinning (EMSS) approach to engender ultralight aerogel‐like bioinspired poly(lactic acid) (AB‐PLA) nanofiber meta‐membranes. Driven by engineered thermodynamic instability, distinct axial micro‐grooves are created at AB‐PLA nanofibers that assemble into a highly porous network (over 97% porosity). This unique architecture is ready to trigger robust output performance (66.37 V, 93.12 nA), conferring the self‐powered real‐time respiratory monitoring and 100% accuracy for the deep learning‐assisted breathing pattern recognition. It is further accompanied by excellent PM‐capturing mechanisms, achieving 99.1% removal of PM _0.3 at a physiological resting rate (10 L min ⁻¹ ) with an ultralow pressure drop of 20.5 Pa and a high quality factor of 0.22 Pa ⁻¹ . Moreover, the ultralight high‐porosity architecture endows the AB‐PLA meta‐membranes with exceptional moisture permeability of 7875 g m ⁻² d ⁻¹ and air permeability of 166 mm s ⁻¹ , providing superior physiological comfort. This sheds light into a promising paradigm for development of next‐generation flexible protective sensors.