Advancing Urban Well-being: The WHO Healthy Cities Approach in Europe

Abstract

The WHO Healthy Cities approach is a transformative strategy aimed at placing health at the center of urban policies and governance across Europe. This approach emphasizes equity, participatory governance, solidarity, and intersectoral collaboration to address the complex determinants of health. Rather than focusing on achieving a static health status, a Healthy City is defined by its continuous commitment to improving physical, social, and environmental conditions for all residents. Key requirements include explicit political commitment, innovative leadership, institutional change, and robust partnerships across public, private, and community sectors. Aligned with the European Health2020 framework and the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, the Healthy Cities movement encourages cities to invest in human and social capital, promote inclusion and resilience, and ensure community participation in decision-making. The approach fosters prosperity by promoting values-based governance, social protection, and investment in the circular economy. Environmental sustainability is prioritized through whole-of-city strategies and health diplomacy, while urban development integrates health equity, inclusivity, and a shift from needs-based to assets-based planning. The WHO European Healthy Cities Network advances six strategic goals, including promoting local health and sustainable development policies, strengthening national-local cooperation, generating knowledge and best practices, fostering solidarity among cities, advocating for urban health globally, and enhancing network accessibility. By engaging communities and encouraging innovation, Healthy Cities serve as models for tackling health inequalities, supporting vulnerable populations, and championing peace, prosperity, and planetary health.