Advancing Circular Economy and Sustainable Development in Construction Through C&D Waste Valorisation

The construction industry faces significant challenges in managing Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste and mitigating the unsustainable extraction of natural resources such as river sand. This study examines the potential of fine aggregate (FA) produced from C&D waste as a sustainable alternative to river sand by focusing on its physical properties and compliance with Indian Standards (IS) codes. The research highlights how integrating waste materials into construction can redefine value creation within circular and green economies by promoting resource efficiency and mitigating environmental degradation. The findings reveal that C&D waste-derived fine aggregates meet essential criteria for use, promoting waste minimisation, supporting sustainable development, and advancing net-zero carbon goals. This approach exemplifies how circular economy models can contribute to sustainable growth and a green economy.