Advances in Nuclear Medicine Diagnostics: The Promise of Radiolabeled Dendrimers

One of the most widespread causes of mortality is cancer, and its early diagnosis is a key element of modern medicine. A crucial role is played by imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and computed tomography (CT), which require the use of appropriate radioactive isotope tracers to enable precise visualization of pathological changes. In recent years, hyperbranched dendrimers have attracted considerable attention due to their unique architecture and functionalization capacity, making them a promising platform for the delivery of radiotracers. The aim of this manuscript is to provide an overview of radiolabeled dendrimer conjugates, their functionalization methods, and the results of preclinical studies confirming their diagnostic potential. It pays particular attention to the stability and radiochemical purity of the systems, and their ability to overcome physiological barriers. The findings presented indicate that dendrimer-based radiotracers constitute a promising class of carriers for diagnostic imaging, although further studies are required to optimize their physicochemical and biological properties.