Advances and Applications of Computational Design Methods in Structural Design

Abstract

Computational design has profoundly influenced structural design. However, its integration into the structural design workflow remains limited, leaving considerable room for further development. To facilitate a more systematic review of this topic, this paper proposes a novel three-category classification of computational design technologies used in structural design based on drawing-oriented, analysis-oriented, and design-oriented approaches. Drawing-oriented computational design methods, such as computer-aided design and building information modeling, focus on the digital representation of designs through drawings or models. Analysis-oriented computational design methods involve evaluating structural performance using data, rules, and models through formula-based calculations and finite-element analysis. Design-oriented computational methods emphasize the active role of computers in both analyzing and generating design solutions, as exemplified by form-finding, structural optimization, and generative structural design. By reviewing relevant research and applications, this study traces the historical development, current practices, limitations, and emerging trends within each of these three computational design categories. This study aims to contribute to the field by introducing a new classification that helps guide future developments and practical applications of computational design methods in structural design.