Advancements of Nano-biotechnology in Public Health Sector: Benefits and Challenges

Abstract:

Nano-biotechnology is the discipline of creating and using nanoscale devices to study biological sciences. It has become an important frontier in many important areas, especially in the treatment of diseases and drug use. Nano-biotechnology has great potential to improve biological research and thus support global health care. Many new nanodevices and nanoparticles will be used to benefit human health in the future. Healthcare as a human right often becomes the focus of technological innovations. Technological advances have made it easier to deliver goods efficiently, on time, reliable and cost-effectively. Advances in nanoscience facilitated the expansion of new generations of nanostructures. They all have unique features that make their applications perfect. Nanotechnology has continued to impact health since its inception and has had a significant impact on the evolution of health, leading to better outcomes. Over the last 20 years, the world has witnessed the advancement of nanotechnology into living spaces, with the influence of many research studies in various medical fields. The arena of nanomedicine emerges as the amalgamation of nanotechnology along with nanocarriers/nanosystems in the medical field, like in the prevention, prognosis and prophylaxis of various infectious diseases. It has been noticed that in the diagnosis and therapeutics, advanced nanosystems have been found to be more appropriate in comparison to conventional ones. The present review mainly highlights the merits and demerits of nanosystems in the areas of cancer management, gene therapy, genetic diseases, and drug delivery. Though nanotechnology has great potential, it is still underutilized. Further efforts are needed to overcome these limitations and exploit the potential to reform the healthcare sector in the future.