Advancements in Energy Harvesting Technologies: A Comparative Study of Various Techniques and Materials

Energy harvesting refers to gathering and transforming mechanical energy into electrical energy. Energy harvesting is a viable approach for a wide array of tiny devices and systems capable of self-powering. Examples of such systems include Bluetooth headsets, wireless sensors, watches, structure-embedded equipment, calculators, biological implants, remote weather stations, and military monitoring devices. This article examines many methodologies for energy harvesting, including mechanical vibration devices, wind turbines, thermoelectric generators, and solar cells. The study examines the projected capacity and challenges linked to diverse ambient energy sources, presenting a broad spectrum of potential methods for capturing and preserving energy from distinct sources. The paper also highlights the significance of considering electrical attributes, physical features, environmental traits, operational and maintenance qualities, and operational and maintenance qualities when assessing the performance and durability of portable energy suppliers. The text highlights the need for exercise while using energy harvesters in integrated systems to advance system durability and performance.