Advancement in therapeutic approach for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer

Metastatic colorectal cancer (m-CRC) is an advanced cancer type that occurs when cancer cells travel from the colon or rectum to other organs like lungs or liver. The cause of m-CRC is due to multifactorial variables which include genetic anomalies, tumour heterogeneity and factors within the tumour microenvironment (TME). The m-CRC poses a substantial clinical challenge that calls for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. This review discusses in details about the most recent developments in targeted and personalised therapeutic strategies for m-CRC. The necessity of tailored treatment plans based on patient-specific characteristics and molecular profiles, highlights the importance of biomarkers in maximising therapeutic success. The review also discusses the difficulties in treating the m-CRC, such as overcoming resistance to targeted medicines. Recent researches and historic trials have provided new dimensions on the therapeutic approaches towards m-CRC, emphasising the urgent need for customised therapies to improve patient survival and responsiveness towards therapy. The need for considering liquid biopsies and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in treatment decisions is also discussed. Furthermore, other novel therapies such as the combination of VEGF inhibitors with chemotherapy for enhancing treatment efficacy, CAR-T cell therapy, and bispecific antibodies are also considered.