Advanced Sensing Materials and Their Applications for Power Sensors

ABSTRACT

The construction of new‐generation power systems imposes stringent requirements on the safety and reliability of critical equipment, making accurate state perception essential for grid security and digital transformation. Sensing materials fundamentally determine sensor performance in terms of sensitivity, bandwidth, environmental adaptability and intelligence. This paper systematically analyses the demands of new‐generation power systems on sensing materials across five dimensions: multiparameter, high‐sensitivity sensing, miniaturisation, high reliability, self‐powering and intelligence. It comprehensively reviews five major categories of advanced sensing materials—electromagnetic, optical waveguide, semiconductor, quantum and self‐powered materials—detailing their development, performance enhancement mechanisms and applications in monitoring key equipment parameters. The critical challenges facing engineering applications are examined, including cross‐sensitivity, long‐term stability and scalable fabrication. Future development trends towards intelligence, integration and multifunctionality are projected. This review concludes that innovation in sensing materials is fundamental to advancing power sensing technology and establishing a robust perception foundation for new‐generation power systems.