Advanced precursor materials for functional carbon fibers

Abstract

This review paper outlines essential developments on precursor fibers for functional carbon fibers. Ongoing developments according to the quality and type of precursor materials, the spinning process into fibers, and the targeted property combinations through blending and additives are discussed on respect to innovative and functional products of high scientific interest. In particular, beside the increased use of carbon fibers as structurally load-bearing high-performance fibers, new applications as fiber materials with integrated structures and functions have raised interest. In this context, an overview of conventional, petrochemically based precursor materials such as PAN, PE, PVA and 1,2 polybutadiene is given first. However, the main objective of the current perspective paper is to highlight the latest developments in the field of PAN precursors and in the field of bio-based precursors, such as lignin, cellulose or chitosan, as well as bioPAN. This is supplemented by a presentation of the development of precursor materials and fibers for functional applications, such as catalysis, supercapacitors or battery applications. Special attention is paid to suitable additives and blend materials. Overall, this perspective paper guides the reader through the topic of advanced precursor materials for carbon fibers in the context of innovative materials.