Advanced Materials and Multi-field Coupled Impact Regulation Mechanism for Adaptive Buffers in Carrier-based Aircraft: A Comprehensive Review
Hongbo Liu, Ziqi Huo, Xiaodong Yang, Mengfei FengIntroduction:
This study systematically evaluates MRF, SMA, CFRP, metallic foams, and FBG to elucidate structure-property-processing relationships and the mechanisms of coupled multi-field impact regulation.
Methods:
We searched relevant literature across major bibliographic databases and publisher platforms, primarily covering January 2000 to May 2026, while retaining earlier seminal studies and authoritative standards where necessary. The literature was synthesized by material performance, constitutive modeling, multi-physics coupling, impact- control strategies, structural health monitoring, and engineering validation.
Results:
MRF exhibits yield stress 50-100 kPa, dynamic range 10-30, sedimentation 5-10%/month, and response delay 1-10 ms. SMA shows a superelastic strain of 6-8% (14% via twinning), but thermomechanical coupling under high strain-rate loading reduces fatigue life by >50%. CFRP achieves >50% weight reduction, yet Barely Visible Impact Damage (BVID) induces >50% loss of compressive strength, and hygrothermal- salt environments cause a 50% loss of transverse strength. A magnetic-fluidsolid- thermal four-field coupled model predicts a 15-30% reduction in MRF damping force under extreme thermal conditions, but a unified constitutive model for carrier- based high sink rates (3-7 m/s) and a wide temperature range (-55 to +125 °C) remains lacking.
Discussion:
Key trade-offs involve tunability versus long-term stability, lightweight design versus damage tolerance, and model fidelity versus computational feasibility. Much of the available evidence remains non-carrier-specific.
Conclusion:
Future research should prioritize carrier-specific constitutive models, integrated material-structure-control design, full-scale validation, physics-informed intelligent control, marine durability, structural health monitoring, and airworthinessoriented certification.